Pomegranate

Pomegranate is a great source of gallic acid and ellagic acid.

Pomegranate juice contains 79.49 mg of gallic acid equivalent per liter as ellagitannins.[3] The various ellagitannins include granatin A and B, punicacortein A, B, C and D, 5-O-galloylpunicacortein D, punicafolin, punigluconin, punicalagin, 1-alpha-O-galloylpunicalagin, punicalin and 2-O-galloyl-punicalin. Other phenolics include delphinidin, cyanidin, and pelargonidin.

Pelargonidin is a potent inhibitor of MAO-B. Cyanidin and delphinidin are a moderate inhibitors of MAO-B.

Gallic acid induces Estradiol 17beta-dehydrogenase oxidation by 30%.[4] It also induces SULT1A1 and SULT1A3.[5] It also inhibits xanthine oxidase and aldehyde dehydrogenase.

Ellagic acid is a potent inhibitor of glutathione S-transferase enzymes GSTA1-1, GSTA2-2, GSTM1-1, GSTM2-2, and GSTP1-1.[6]

Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Interactions

Enzyme Inhibited Interaction Dosage Verified In Humans
CYP1A1 [1] Inhibition ? In mice only
CYP1A2 [1] Inhibition ? In mice only
CYP2C9 [2] None 1 gram extract and unspecified amount of juice Yes
CYP2E1 [1] Inhibition ? In mice only
CYP3A [1] Inhibition ? In mice only
Bibliography
1. J Med Food. 2007 Dec;10(4):643-9.
Pomegranate juice effects on cytochrome P450S expression: in vivo studies. Faria A, Monteiro R, Azevedo I, Calhau C; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. PubMed PMID: 18158835
2. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2012 Nov;92(5):651-7. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2012.170. Epub 2012 Oct 10.
Pomegranate juice and pomegranate extract do not impair oral clearance of flurbiprofen in human volunteers: divergence from in vitro results; Hanley MJ, Masse G, Harmatz JS, Court MH, Greenblatt DJ; Program in Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; PubMed PMID: 23047652;
3. Antioxidant and Weight Loss Effects of Pomegranate Molasses
A. Chalfoun-Mounayar, R. Nemr, P. Yared, S. Khairallah and R. Chahine; Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science 02 (06); 2012: 45-50; ISSN: 2231-3354
4. Olive oil phenols inhibit human hepatic microsomal activity.
Stupans I, Stretch G, Hayball P. PubChem PMID 10958837
5. Effects of phenolic acids on human phenolsulfotransferases in relation to their antioxidant activity.
Yeh CT, Yen GC. PubMed PMID: 12590501
6. The inhibition of human glutathione S-transferases activity by plant polyphenolic compounds ellagic acid and curcumin.
Hayeshi R, Mutingwende I, Mavengere W, Masiyanise V, Mukanganyama S. PubMed PMID: 17046132
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