Plant |
Origin |
Part |
Contents of Essential Oil |
Apium nodiflorum |
Italy |
|
70.8% [2] |
Apium nodiflorum |
Portugal |
|
22.5% [2] |
Black caraway |
|
fruit |
44.6% [3] |
Dill CT dillapiole |
|
seeds |
20% |
Piper guineense |
|
Leaves |
44.8% [4] |
Piper aduncum |
North Brazil |
|
35-90% [5], 45.9%[9] |
Bunium Cylindricum (Boiss. et Hohen.) Drude |
|
Fruit |
11% [6] |
Bibliography
1. Tepy Usia, Hiroshi Iwata, Akira Hiratsuka, Tadashi Watabe, Shigetoshi Kadota, and Yasuhiro Tezuka;
Sesquiterpenes and Flavonol Glycosides from Zingiber aromaticum and Their CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 Inhibitory Activities;Institute of Natural Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2630-Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.; J. Nat. Prod., 2004, 67 (7), pp 1079–1083; DOI: 10.1021/np030556a; Publication Date (Web): June 17, 2004 (
Download Attached PDF Document)
2. Maxia A, Falconieri D, Piras A, Porcedda S, Marongiu B, Frau MA, Gonçalves MJ, Cabral C, Cavaleiro C, Salgueiro L.;
Chemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oils and supercritical CO2 extracts of Apium nodiflorum (L.) Lag; Mycopathologia. 2012 Jul;174(1):61-7. doi: 10.1007/s11046-011-9519-2. Epub 2012 Jan 12.
3. Kapoor IP, Singh B, Singh G, De Heluani CS, De Lampasona MP, Catalan CA.;
Chemistry and antioxidant activity of essential oil and oleoresins of black caraway (Carum bulbocastanum) fruits: Part 69. Chemistry Department, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur-273009, India.; J Sci Food Agric. 2010 Feb;90(3):385-90. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.3824.
4. A. P. MARTINS, L. SALGUEIRO, R. VILA, F. TOMI, S. CANIGUERAL, J. CASANOVA, A. PROENCA DA CUNHA and T. ADZET;
ESSENTIAL OILS FROM FOUR PIPER SPECIES Phytochemistry Vol. 49, No. 7, pp. 2019±2023, 1998; PII: S0031-9422(98)00391-4
5. de Almeida RR, Souto RN, Bastos CN, da Silva MH, Maia JG.;
Chemical variation in Piper aduncum and biological properties of its dillapiole-rich essential oil; Chem Biodivers. 2009 Sep;6(9):1427-34. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.200800212
6. Shakhnoza S. Azimova, Anna I. Glushenkova, Valentina I. Vinogradova;
Lipids, Lipophilic Components and Essential Oils from Plant Sources; Yunusov Institute of Plant Substances, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Springer, 2012; ISBN 0857293230, 9780857293237
7. Phytochemical discovery of antifeedant, antimicrobial and antirnalarial principles
Semir Omar; University of Ottawa; 2000; (
Download Attached PDF Document)
8. Phytomedicine. 2000 Jul;7(4):273-82.
An in vitro evaluation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition by selected commercial herbal extracts and tinctures. Budzinski JW, Foster BC, Vandenhoek S, Arnason JT; Ottawa-Carleton Institute of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. PubMed PMID:
10969720
9. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2009 Jan;27(1):39-48. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2008.08.002. Epub 2008 Aug 19.
Bioactivities of Piper aduncum L. and Piper obliquum Ruiz & Pavon (Piperaceae) essential oils from Eastern Ecuador. Guerrini A, Sacchetti G, Rossi D, Paganetto G, Muzzoli M, Andreotti E, Tognolini M, Maldonado ME, Bruni R.; Dip. di Biologia ed Evoluzione, Sez. Risorse Agrotecnologiche e Farmaceutiche AgriUnife, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Italy. PubMed PMID:
21783920