Alcohol Dehydrogenase

Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH) are enzymes that convert alcohols to aldehydes or ketones by removing hydrogen from the alcohol's hydroxyl group (C-0H), producing an oxygen double bond (C=0). The cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2E1 can also perform this action on some compounds including alcohol. The cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19, and the enzyme Estradiol 17beta-dehydrogenase Type 2 perform this action on estradiol and similar compounds, but not alcohol.

Potent Inhibitors Strength Dosage Verified in Man
Allicin ? ? ?
Acetaldehyde ? ? ?
Caffeic acid [6] ? ? ?
Daidzein [4][5] (in Kudzu) ? ? ?
Ellagic Acid [6] ? ? ?
Genistein [5] (in Kudzu) ? ? ?
Isovaleramide1 [7] ? ? ?
Syringaldehyde [6] ? ? ?
Vanillin [6] ? ? ?
Moderate Inhibitors Strength Dosage Verified in Man
Tetramethylene sulfoxide [7] ? ? ?
Inhibitors (Unspecified Potency) Strength Dosage Verified in Man
Cinnamaldehyde ? ? ?
Citral [3] ? ? ?
Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) [1][2] ? ? ?
Disulfiram ? ? ?
Dodecanoic Acid ? ? ?
Ethanol ? ? ?
Tween 20 ? ? ?
Tween 80 [8] ? ? ?
Valerian root (contains isovaleramide) ? ? ?

Bibliography
1. Oxidation of alcohols and reduction of aldehydes derived from methyl- and dimethylpyrenes by cDNA-expressed human alcohol dehydrogenases.
Kollock R, Frank H, Seidel A, Meinl W, Glatt H. PubMed PMID: 18242813
2. [Alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors and their effect on major enzymatic systems involved in oxidation of aliphatic alcohols].
[Article in Russian] Kozhemiakin LA, Zelenin KN, Bonitenko IuIu, Ivanova LI, Ershov AIu, Zemlianoĭ AV, Koroliuk MA. PubMed PMID: 2382435
3. Terminal-group oxidation of retinol by mouse epidermis. Inhibition in vitro and in vivo.
Connor MJ, Smit MH. PubMed PMID: 3663136
4. Efficient oxidation of promutagenic hydroxymethylpyrenes by cDNA-expressed human alcohol dehydrogenase ADH2 and its inhibition by various agents.
Kollock R, Meinl W, Schneider H, Batke M, Frank H, Seidel A, Glatt H. PubMed PMID: 17920042
5. Biochemical studies of a new class of alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitors from Radix puerariae.
Keung WM. PubMed PMID: 8116840
6. Phytophenols in whisky lower blood acetaldehyde level by depressing alcohol metabolism through inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I) in mice.
Haseba T, Sugimoto J, Sato S, Abe Y, Ohno Y. PubMed PMID: 19013301
7. Inhibition by carboxamides and sulfoxides of liver alcohol dehydrogenase and ethanol metabolism.
Chadha VK, Leidal KG, Plapp BV. PubMed PMID: 6343601
8. Kinetics of human alcohol dehydrogenase with ring-oxidized retinoids: effect of Tween 80.
Martras S, Alvarez R, Gallego O, Domínguez M, de Lera AR, Farrés J, Parés X. PubMed PMID: 15369820
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